The New Testament and Early Christianity

RS 116A

Prof. Christine M. Thomas
HSSB Tower 3067 * E-mail: thomas@religion.ucsb.edu

Research Tools

Bible Texts and Translations

New Revised Standard Version Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. This is a good standard translation along the lines of formal correspondence.

The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, ed. Herbert G. May and Bruce M. Metzger. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973. Excellent annotations.

Other English translations are instructive: The New International Version, The New American Standard Version, the translations of James Moffatt, Edgar J. Goodspeed, J. G. Phillips, Hugh J. Schonfield, or Ronald A. Knox, Today's English Version, The Jerusalem Bible, The New American Bible, the Woman's Bible, The Inclusive Language Lectionary.

Nestle, Eberhardt, and Kurt Aland, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece, 27th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1993.

Marshall, A. The RSV Interlinear Greek-English New Testament. London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1968. A Greek text of the Bible for the non-Greek reader. It prints the Greek text with the English translation in the margin, and over the individual Greek words. Marshall's interlinear is also available with the King James Version, New American Standard Version, and New International Version in the margin.

Use these to read gospel passages for research papers.

Aland, Kurt. Synopsis of the Four Gospels. London: United Bible Societies, 1982.

Aland, Kurt. Synopsis of the Four Gospels: Greek-English Edition of the Synopsis quattuor evangeliorum. 3d ed.; Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, 1979.

idem. Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. Stuttgart: Wurttembergische Bibelanstalt, 1964. All-Greek version of the former. Contains rich parallel material from early Christianity.

Huck, Albert and Heinrich Greeven. Synopse der drei ersten Evangelien: mit Beigabe der Johanneischen Parallelstellen. 13th ed.; Tübingen: Mohr, 1981. The best Greek synopsis. Contains much parallel material.

Hatch, Edwin, and Henry A. Redpath. A Concordance to the Septuagint and the Other Greek versions of the Old Testament. Graz: Akademische Druck- u.Verlagsanstalt, 1954.

Kohlenberger, John R. The Concise Concordance to the New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Morrison, Clinton. An Analytical Concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the New Testament. Philadelphia : Westminster Press, 1979.

Moulton, W. F. and A.S. Geden. A Concordance to the Greek Testament, According to the Texts of Westcott and Hort, Tischendorf, and the English revisers. 5th ed. Edinburgh: T.&T. Clark, 1978.

Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Rev. and augmented by William F. Arndt, Wilbur Gingrich, and Frederick W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. Rev. and augm. by Henry Stuart Jones. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1966.

These are starting points for research. Bibliographies and abstracts will lead to books and articles on your topic.

New Testament Abstracts. The best tool for finding recent (since 1956) articles, along with an abstract (short summary) of the articles. It comes out every quarter.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture. Rev. ed. Rome: Biblical Institute, 1981.

Harrington, Daniel J. The New Testament: A Bibliography. Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1985. The most recent of the bibliographic guides.

Marrow, Stanley B. Basic Tools of Biblical Exegesis: A Student's Manual. Rome: Biblical Institute, 1978.

Scholer, David M. A Basic Bibliographic Guide for New Testament Exegesis. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1971.

Idem. Nag Hammadi Bibliography 1948-1969. Leiden: Brill, 1971. Supplemented annually in the journal Novum Testamentum from 1971 onward.

Also a good starting place for research. Handbooks and dictionaries give a quick overview of both methods of study and topics, as well as limited bibliographies.

The Anchor Bible Dictionary. David Noel Freedman, ed. New York : Doubleday, 1992.

Danker, Frederick W. Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study. 3d ed. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1970.

Eliade, Mircea, ed. The Encyclopedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1987. An invaluable aid for comparative research, this work also contains useful entries on individual aspects of Greek, Jewish, and Christian tradition. Use the index.

Hammond, N. G. L. and H. H. Scullard. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 2d ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1970. Includes entries on basic topics in Greek and Roman history, literature, and religion.

Harper's Bible Dictionary. Paul J. Achtemeier, general ed. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985.

Harper's Bible Commentary. James L. Mays, general editor. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988.

The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible. Supplement (IDBS), 1976. The supplement is the most recent and most useful volume. Also available are the four volumes of the original Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible (IDB), 1962.

The Jerome Biblical Commentary, 1968.

Peake's Commentary on the Bible, 1962.

Soulen, Richard N. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. 2d ed. Atlanta: John Knox, 1981.

Barrett, C. K. The New Testament Background: Selected Documents, Rev. and exp. ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1989.

Bevan, Edwyn, ed. Later Greek Religion. New York: Dutton, 1927. Useful anthology of philosophers from the Hellenistic and Roman eras.

Blackman, Philip, ed. Mishnayoth. 7 vols., 3rd ed. New York: Judaica, 1964. Hebrew and English text of the Mishnah.

Cameron, Ron, ed. The Other Gospels: Non-Canonical Gospel Texts. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1982.

Cartlidge, David R., and Dungan, David L., eds. Documents for the Study of the Gospels. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Charlesworth, James H., ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. Garden City: Doubleday, 1983, 1985.

Crossan, John D. Sayings Parallels: A Workbook for the Jesus Tradition. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.

Foerster, W., ed. Gnosis. 2 vols. Trans. R. McL. Wilson. Oxford: Clarendon. Vol. 1: The Patristic Evidence, 1972. Vol. 2, Coptic and Mandaic Sources, 1974.

Funk, Robert W. New Gospel Parallels. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Grant, Frederick C., ed. Ancient Roman Religion. New York: Liberal Arts, 1957.

Idem. Hellenistic Religions: The Age of Syncretism. New York: Liberal Arts, 1953.

Hennecke, E. New Testament Apocrypha. 2 vols., ed. W. Schneemelcher; Engl. trans. and ed. R. McL. Wilson. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1991-1992.

Holtz, Barry W. Back to the Sources: Reading the Classic Jewish Texts. New York: Summit Books, 1984.

Kee, Howard C. The New Testament in Context: Sources and Documents, 2d ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984.

Kraemer, Ross, ed. Maenads, Martyrs, Matrons, Monastics: A Sourcebook on Women's Religions in the Greco-Roman World. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988.

Lake, K. The Apostolic Fathers with an English Translation. 2 vols. The Loeb Classical Library 24, 25; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1912-13.

Layton, Bentley, ed. The Gnostic Scriptures. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1987.

Lefkowitz, Mary R. and Maureen B. Fant, eds. Women's Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1982.

MacMullen, Ramsay, and Eugene Lane, eds. Paganism and Christianity, 100-425 CE: A Sourcebook. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992.

Malherbe, Abraham J. The Cynic Epistles: A Study Edition. SBL Sources for Biblical Study 12. Missoula, MT: Scholars Press, 1977.

Idem. Moral Exhortation: A Greco-Roman Sourcebook. Library of Early Christianity 4. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986.

Meyer, Marvin, ed. The Ancient Mysteries: A Sourcebook. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987.

Nickelsburg, George W.E., and Michael E. Stone. Faith and Piety in Early Judaism: Texts and Documents. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Richardson, Cyril C., ed. Early Christian Fathers. New York: Macmillan, 1970.

Rice, David G. and John E. Stambaugh, eds. Sources for the Study of Greek Religion. Sources for Biblical Study 14. Missoula: Scholars Press, 1979.

Robinson, James M., ed. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. Rev. ed. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1988.

Stevenson, J. A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to A.D. 337. London: S.P.C.K., 1957. Revised by W.H.C. Frend, 1987.

Vermes, Geza. The Dead Sea Scrolls in English. 3rd ed., rev. and enl. London: Penguin Books, 1987.

White, John L., ed. Light from Ancient Letters. Foundations and Facets. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.

Childs, Brevard S. The New Testament as Canon: An Introduction. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Collins, Raymond R. Introduction to the New Testament. Garden City: Doubleday, 1983. This is a more advanced introduction to forms of New Testament criticism and issues of canon formation, inspiration; written from a Roman Catholic perspective. It also has a bibliographic chapter on tools of New Testament study.

Conzelmann, H., and Lindemann, A. Interpreting the New Testament: An Introduction to the Principles and Methods of N.T. Exegesis. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1988. Includes suggested exegetical exercises and tools, with good bibliographies.

Harrington, Daniel J. Interpreting the New Testament: A Practical Guide. Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1979. This book is an excellent concise introduction to the methods used to interpret the New Testament.

Johnson, Luke T. The Writings of the New Testament: An Interpretation. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.

Koester, Helmut. Introduction to the New Testament. Volume Two: History and Literature of Early Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982. Concise, very historical, geographically arranged. Excellent brief introduction to biblical manuscripts.

Kümmel, Werner G. Introduction to the New Testament, 17th ed. Nashville: Abingdon, 1975. This is widely used among more advanced students. It gives extensive surveys of the debates over major literary and exegetical issues.

Martin, Ralph P. New Testament Foundations: A Guide for Christian Students. 2 vols. Exeter: Paternoster, 1975-78. Written by an evangelical scholar.

Perkins, Pheme. Reading the New Testament: An Introduction. New York: Paulist, 1978. Written for the beginning student.

Perrin, Norman, and Dennis C. Duling, The New Testament: An Introduction. 3d. ed.; New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1994.

Barclay, John M. G. Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora. Edinburgh: T and T Clark, 1996.

Bergant, Dianne. What Are They Saying About Wisdom Literature? New York: Paulist, 1984.

Bickerman, Elias J. The God of the Maccabees. Leiden: Brill, 1979.

Bokser, Baruch M. "Recent Developments in the Study of Judaism 70- 200 CE. " The Second Century 3 (1983.2 )1-68.

Cohen, Shaye. From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. Library of Early Christianity. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1987.

Idem, "Roman Domination: The Jewish Revolt and the Destruction of the Second Temple," in Hershel Shanks, ed. Ancient Israel: A Short History from Abraham to the Roman Destruction of The Temple. Washington, D.C.: BAS, 1988, pp. 205-36.

Collins, John J. Between Athens and Jerusalem: Jewish Identity in the Hellenistic Diaspora. New York: Crossroad, 1983.

Gager, John G. The Origins of Anti-Semitism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. On the relationship between ancient Judaism and early Christianity. Includes a discussion of Paul.

Hengel, Martin. Jews, Greeks and Barbarians. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980. German original, 1976.

idem. Judaism and Hellenism. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1974.

Koester, Helmut. Introduction to the New Testament. Vol. 1: History Culture. and Religion of the Hellenistic Age. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.

Kraft, Robert A. and George W.E. Nickelsburg, eds. Early Judaism and Its Modern Interperters. Atanta: Scholars Press, 1986. Review articles on the state of scholarship. Excellent bibliographies.

Lieberman, Saul. Hellenism in Jewish Palestine. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1962.

Neusner, Jacob. Judaism in the Matrix of Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.

Idem. Judaism: The Evidence of the Mishnah. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

Idem. "The Use of Later Rabbinic Evidence for the Study of First- Century Pharisaism," in William Scott Green, ed. Approaches to Ancient Judaism. 5 vols. Brown Judaic Studies. Missoula: Scholars Press, 1978, 1.215-28.

Idem. From Politics to Piety. The Emergence of Pharisaic Judaism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1973.

Nickelsburg, George W. E. and Stone, Michael E. Faith and Piety in Early Judaism: Texts and Documents. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Nickelsburg, George W. E. Jewish Literature Between the Bible and the Mishnah. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

Safrai, S. and M. Stern. The Jewish People in the First Century. Compendium rerum Iudicarum ad Novum Testamentum 1.1. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1974.

Saldarini, Anthony J. Pharisees. Scribes and Sadduccees in Palestinian Society. Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1988.

Sanders, E. P., ed. Jewish and Christian Self-Definition. Vol. 2: Aspects of Judaism in the Greco-Roman Period. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

Sandmel, Samuel. Philo of Alexandria: An Introduction. New York: Oxford, 1979.

Setzer, Claudia.Jewish Responses to Early Christians. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994.

Shürer, E. The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C. - AD 135): A New English Edition. Rev. and ed. Vermes et al. 3 vols. Edinburgh: T.& T. Clark, 1973- 86.

Simon, Marcel. Jewish Sects at the Time of Jesus. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1967. French original, 1960.

Smallwood, E. Mary. The Jews Under Roman Rule from Pompey to Diocletian: A Study in Political Relations. Leiden: Brill, 1976, 1981.

Stern, Menachem, ed. Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism, 3 vols. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1974-1984.

Idem, Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period: Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran, Sectarian Writings, Philo, Josephus. Assen, Netherlands: Van Gorcum/Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Stone, Michael E. Scriptures. Sects. and Visions: A Profile of Judaism from Ezra to the Jewish Revolts. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Tcherikover, Victor. Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews. New York: Atheneum, 1982. Original publication, 1959.

Thackeray, Henry St. John. Josephus. The Man and the Historian. New York: Jewish Institute of Religion Press, 1929.

Vermes, Geza. Jesus and the World of Judaism. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Consult especially articles in Biblical Archaeology Review.

Blaiklok, E. M. and R. K. Harrison, eds. The International Dictionary of Biblical Archaeology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983.

Brooten, Bernadette J. Women Leaders in the Ancient Synagogue: Inscriptional Evidence and Background Issues. Brown Judaic Studies 36. Chico, CA: Scholars, 1981. Reprinted, 1990.

Finegan, J. The Archaeology of the New Testament. Vol. 1: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969. Vol. 2: The Mediterranean World of Early Christian Apostles. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1981.

Jeremias, Joachim. Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1969.

Meyers, E. M. and J. F. Strange. Archaeology, the Rabbis, and Early Christianity: The Social and Historical Setting of Palestinian Judaism and Christianity. Nashville: Abingdon, 1981.

Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to the Jewish Matrix of Christianity. New York: Crossroad, 1984.

Idem. "Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature," in Daniel. Forms of the Old Testament Literature 20. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1984, pp. 1-24.

Hanson, Paul. "Apocalypse, Genre," and "Apocalypticism," IDBSupp, 27-34. Important methodological statement.

Neusner, J. Judaism in the Beginning of Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Charlesworth, James H., ed. John and the Dead Sea Scrolls. New York: Crossroad, 1990. Reprint of articles.

Cross, Frank M. The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Biblical Studies. 3d ed. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961.

Dupont-Sommer, A. The Essene Writings from Qumran. Oxford: Blackwell, 1961.

Fitzmeyer, Joseph A., S.J. Essays of the Semitic Background of the New Testament. Sources for Biblical Study 5. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1974.

O'Connor, Jerome Murphy and James H. Charlesworth, eds. Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls. New York: Crossroad, 1990.

Stendahl, Krister. The Scrolls and the New Testament. New York: Harper, 1957.

Vermes, Geza. "The Impact of the Dead Sea Scrolls on the Study of the New Testament." Journal of Jewish Studies 27 (1976) 107- 116.

Idem. Qumran in Perspective. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

Le Deaut, R. The Message of the New Testament and the Aramaic Bible (Targum). Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1982.

Neusner, Jacob. Invitation to the Talmud: A Teaching Book. Rev. and exp. ed. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1973, 1984.

Idem. Invitation to Midrash: The Workings of Rabbinic Biblical Interpretation: A Teaching Book. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1989.

Safrai, Shmuel, ed. The Literature of The Sages. Compendium rerum Iudaicarum; Section 2. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

Strack, H. L. Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash. Jewish Publication Society of America, 1931.

Wegner, Judith Romney. Chattel or Person? The Status of Women in the Mishnah. New York: Oxford University, 1988.

Armstrong, A. H., ed. Classical Mediterranean Spirituality: Egyptian. Greek. Roman. New York: Crossroad, 1986.

Idem. The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967.

Bernal, Martin. Black Athena: The Afro-Asiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. Vols. 1-. London: Free Association, 1987-.

Burkert, Walter. Greek Religion. Tr. John Raffan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1985. Lucid standard reference work.

Idem. Ancient Mystery Cults. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1987.

Cantarella, Eva. Pandora's Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Maureen B. Fant, tr. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Cook, S. A.; Adcock, F. E.; Charlesworth, M. P.; and Baynes, N. H., eds. The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1938-39. Volumes 7-12 cover Hellenistic history from 301 BCE to 324 CE.

Copleston, Frederick. A History of Philosophy. Vol. 1 Greece and

Rome. Parts 1 and 2. Rev. ed. Garden City, NY: Image Books, 1962.

Crawford, Michael. The Roman Republic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Grant, Michael. From Alexander to Cleopatra: The Hellenistic World. New York: Scribner, 1982.

Idem and Rachel Kitzinger, Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. 3 vols. New York: Scribners, 1988.

Grant, Robert M. Gods and the One God. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986.

Hadas, Moses. Hellenistic Culture: Fusion and Diffusion. New York: W. W. Norton, 1959.

Koester, Helmut. Introduction to the New Testament. Vol. 1: History, Culture and Religion of the Hellenistic Age. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.

Long, A. A. Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Sceptics. New York: Scribner, 1974.

MacMullen, Ramsay. Enemies of the Roman Order: Treason, Unrest, and Alienation in the Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1966.

Idem. "Women in Public in the Roman Empire." Historia 29 (1980) 208-218.

Rudolph, Kurt. "Mystery Religions." Encyclopedia of Religion, 10:230- 39.

Snowden, Jr. F. M. Before Color Prejudice: The Ancient View of Blacks. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1983.

Idem. "Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman World," in The African Diaspora: Interpretive Essays. R. I. Rotberg and M. L. Kilson, eds. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1976.

Van Sertima, Ivan, ed. Black Women in Antiquity. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1985.

Veyne, Paul, ed. A History of Private Life: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Archaeology

Horsley, G. H. R. New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity. 6 vols. to date. Macquarie University: Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, 1981- . Series published approximately yearly.

Religions

Bultmann, Rudolf. Primitive Christianity in Its Contemporary Setting. New York: Meridian, 1956.

Dodds, E. R. Pagan and Christian in an Age of Anxiety: Some Aspects of Religious Experience from Marcus Aurelius to Constantine. Cambridge: University Press, 1965.

Festugiere, A. J. Personal Religion Among the Greeks. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1954, 1960.

Heyob, Sharon Kelly. Women in the Cult of Isis. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1975.

Kraemer, Ross. Her Share of the Blessings: Women's Religions Among Pagans, Jews, and Christians in the Greco-Roman World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

idem. "Women in the Religions of the Graeco-Roman World," Religious Studies Review 9 (1983) 127-139.

MacMullen, Ramsay. Paganism in the Roman Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.

Nilsson, Martin P. Greek Folk Religion. First published as Popular Greek Religion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940.

Idem. Greek Piety. New York: Norton, 1969.

Idem. A History of Greek Religion. 2d ed. New York: Norton, 1964.

Nock, Arthur Darby. Conversion: The Old and the New in Religion from Alexander the Great to Augustine of Hippo. London: Oxford University, 1936.

Wilken, Robert L. The Christians as the Romans Saw Them. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

Aland, Kurt. "The Problem of Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Christian Literature of the First Two Centuries," Journal of Theological Studies 12 (1961) 39-49.

Attridge, Harold W., ed. The Formation of the New Testament Canon: An Ecumenical Perspective. New York: Paulist Press, 1983.

Campenhausen, Hans von. The Formation of the Christian Bible. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1972.

Gamble, Harry Y. "The Canon of the New Testament," in Eldon J. Epp and George W. MacRae, eds. The New Testament and Its Modern Interpreters. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1989, pp. 201-243.

Käsemann, Ernst. "The Canon of the New Testament and the Unity of the Church," in Essays on New Testament Themes. Naperville, IL: A. R. Allenson, 1964.

McDonald, Lee. The Formation of the Christian Biblical Canon. Nashville: Abingdon, 1988.

Sandberg, A. D. "The Canon of the New Testament" The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible. Supplement. Nashville: Abingdon, 1976, 136-140.

Sundberg, Albert C., Jr. "Canon Muratori: A Fourth-Century List," Harvard Theological Review 66 (1973) 1-41.

Early Christian History

Chadwick, Henry. The Early Church. Baltimore: Penguin, 1967.

Ferguson, Everett, ed. Encyclopedia of Early Christianity. New York: Garland, 1990.

Frend, W. H. C. The Rise of Christianity. Fortress: 1984.

Grant, Robert M. Greek Apologists of the Second Century. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1988.

Harvey, Susan. "Women in Early Syrian Christianity," in A. Cameron and A. Kuhrt, eds. Images of Women in Antiquity. Detroit: Wayne State. 1983, 288-98.

Kelly, J.N.D. Early Christian Doctrines. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1978.

Gnosticism

Cameron, Ron and Francis Fallon. "The Gospel of Thomas: A Forschungsbericht and Analysis." Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt 2.25/6.4195-4251.

Hedrick, Charles W. and Robert Hodgson, Jr., eds. Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism and Early Christianity. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1986.

Koester, Helmut. "Introduction" to Bentley Layton, ed. Nag Hammadi Codex II. 2-7. Leiden: Brill, 1989. Nag Hammadi Studies 20-21. The best concise introduction to the Gospel of Thomas.

Layton, Bentley. The Rediscovery of Gnosticism. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1980-81.

MacRae, George W. "Gnosticism" and "Nag Hammadi" in Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible Supplement. Nashville, 1978, pp. 364-67; 613-19.

Idem. "Why the Church Rejected Gnosticism," in E. P. Sanders, ed. Jewish and Christian Self-Definition. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Idem. Studies in the New Testament and Gnosticism. Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1987. A fine collection of essays.

Pagels, E. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Random House, 1979.

Rudolph, Kurt. Gnosis: The Nature and History of Gnosticism. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1983.

Segal, Alan. Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism. Leiden: Brill, 1977.

Jesus and the Gospels

General

Aune, David E. Jesus and the Synoptic Gospels: A Bibliographic Study Guide. Madison, WI: Intervarsity, 1980.

Marcus Borg. Jesus in Contemporary Scholarship. Philadelphia: Trinity, 1994.

Bornkamm, Gunther. Jesus of Nazareth. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1960; New York: Harper.

Bultmann, Rudolph. The History of the Synoptic Tradition. Rev. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.

Charlesworth, J. H. "From Barren Mazes to Gentle Rappings: The Emergence of Jesus Research," Princeton Seminary Bulletin 7 (1986) 221-230.

Conzelmann, Hans. Jesus. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1973.

Crossan, John Dominic. In Fragments: The Aphorisms of Jesus. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1983.

Idem. The Cross that Spoke: The Origins of the Passion Narrative. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988

Dibelius, Martin P. From Tradition to Gospel. Cambridge: T. & T. Clark, 1971.

Fuchs, Ernst. Studies of the Historical Jesus. Naperville, IL: A. R. Allenson, 1964.

Funk, R. W. New Gospel Parallels. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Grant, F. C. The Gospels: Their Origin and Growth. New York: Harper, 1957.

Jeremias, Joachim. The Problem of the Historical Jesus. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1964.

Käsemann, Ernst. "The Problem of the Historical Jesus," in Essays on New Testament Themes. Naperville, IL: A. R. Allenson, 1964.

Kelber, Werner H. The Oral and the Written Gospel. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Koester, Helmut. "One Jesus, Four Primitive Gospels," Harvard Theological Review, 61 (1968) 203-247. Reprinted in Trajectories through Early Christianity, by Helmut Koester and James M. Robinson. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971.

Idem. "The Historical Jesus," in Christology. Hans Dieter Betz, ed. Missoula: Society of Biblical Literature, 1974.

Idem. "Apocryphal and Canonical Gospels." Harvard Theological Review 73 (1980) 105-30.

Idem. Ancient Christian Gospels. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1990.

Mays, James Luther, ed. Interpreting the Gospels. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

Perrin, Norman. Rediscovering the Teachings of Jesus. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.

Robinson, James M. A New Quest of the Historical Jesus and Other Essays. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983. All essays previously published.

Rohde, Joachim. Rediscovering the Teaching of the Evangelists. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968.

Sanders, E. P. Jesus and Judaism. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Sanders, E.P. and Margaret Davies. Studying the Synoptic Gospels. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1989.

Schweitzer, Albert. The Quest of the Historical Jesus. New York: Macmillan, 1961. German original 1906.

Talbert, Charles H. What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977.

Vermes, Geza. Jesus and the World of Judaism. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Idem. Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels. New York: Macmillan, 1974.

Parables

Carlston, Charles E. "Changing Fashions in Interpreting Parables," Andover Newton Quarterly 14 (1974) 227-233.

Crossan, John Dominic. In Parables. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

Dodd, C. H. The Parables of the Kingdom. New York: Harper & Row, 1961.

Jeremias, Joachim. The Parables of Jesus. Rev. ed. New York: Scribner's, 1947.

Kissinger, W. S. The Parables of Jesus: a History of Interpretation and Bibliography. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow and American Theological Library Association, 1979.

Via, Dan O. The Parables: Their Literary and Existential Dimension. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1967.

Synoptic Problem and Q

Edwards, Richard A. A Theology of Q: Eschatology, Prophecy, and Wisdom. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.

Farmer, William R. The Synoptic Problem. A Critical Analysis. New York: MacMillan, 1964.

Idem, ed. New Synoptic Studies: The Cambridge Conference and Beyond. Macon, GA: Mercer University, 1983.

Kee, Howard C. "Synoptic Studies," in E.J. Epp and G.W. MacRae, eds. The New Testament and Its Modern Interperters. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1989, pp. 245-269.

Kloppenborg, John S. The Formation of Q: Trajectories in Ancient Wisdom Collections. Studies in Antiquity and Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

Idem. Q Parallels: Synopsis, Critical Notes, and Concordance. Sonoma, CA: Polebridge Press, 1988.

Robinson, James M. "LOGOI SOPHON: On the Gattung of Q," in Trajectories through Early Christianity by Helmut Koester and James M. Robinson. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971.

Paul

Barrett, C. K. Essays on Paul. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1982.

Beker, J. Christiaan. Paul the Apostle: The Triumph of God in Life and Thought. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Bornkamm, Günther. Paul. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

Bultmann, Rudolf. The Theology of Paul. Part 2 of New Testament Theology. New York: Scribner, 1951, 1955.

Davies, W. D. Jewish and Pauline Studies. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Idem. Paul and Rabbinic Judaism: Some Rabbinic Elements in Pauline Theology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Dibelius, Martin. Paul. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1953.

Doty, William G. Letters in Primitive Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1973.

Francis, Fred O. and Sampley, J. Paul. Pauline Parallels. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. "Pauline Theology," in Jerome Biblical Commentary (1968) 799-827. Reprinted as Pauline Theology: A Brief Sketch. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

Furnish, Victor P. Theology and Ethics in Paul. Nashville: Abingdon, 1968.

Idem. "Pauline Studies," in Eldon J. Epp and George W. MacRae, eds. The New Testament and Its Modern Interpreters. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1989, pp. 321-350.

Gager, John G. "The Case of Paul." Part 4 in The Origins of Anti- Semitism. New York/Oxford: Oxford University, 1983.

Hooker, Morna D. A Preface to Paul. London/New York: Oxford University, 1980.

Jewett, Robert. A Chronology of Paul's Life. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979.

Keck. Leander E. Paul and His Letters. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979.

Keck, Leander E. and Victor P. Furnish. The Pauline Letters. Nashville: Abingdon, 1984.

Meeks, Wayne A. The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul. New Haven/London: Yale University, 1984.

Idem, ed. The Writings of St. Paul. New York: Norton, 1972. Well annotated. Includes important essays on Paul.

Raisanen, Heikki. Paul and the Law. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.

Sanders, E. P. Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977.

Idem. Paul, the Law and the Jewish People. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Schoeps, Hans Joachim. Paul: The Theology of the Apostle in the Light of Jewish Religious History. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961.

Schweitzer, Albert. The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle. New York: Macmillan, 1955, 1956.

Stendahl, Krister. Paul Among Jews and Gentiles. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.

Theology

General

Barr, J. "Biblical Theology," in Interpreters' Dictionary of the Bible. Supplement pp. 104-111.

Bultmann, Rudolf. Theology of the New Testament. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951.

Stendahl, Krister. "Biblical Theology, Contemporary." Interpreters' Dictionary of the Bible, 1:418- 33.

Vermes, Geza. "Jewish Studies and New Testament Interpretation." Journal of Jewish Studies 31 (1980) 1- 17.

Christology

Bousset, Wilhelm. Kyrios Christos: A History of the Belief in Christ from the Beginnings of Christianity to Irenaeus. Nashville/New York: Abingdon, 1913, 1921.

Brown, Raymond E. Jesus, God and Man: Modern Biblical Reflections. New York: Macmillan, 1967.

Cerfaux, Lucien. Christ in the Theology of St. Paul. New York: Herder, 1959.

Cullmann, Oscar. The Christology of the New Testament. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1963.

Dunn, J. D. G. Christology in the Making: A New Testament Inquiry into the Origins of the Doctrine of the Incarnation. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1980.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. A Christological Catechism: New Testament Answers. New York: Paulist, 1982.

Fuller, Reginald H. The Foundations of New Testament Christology. New York: Scribner, 1965

Goulder, Michael, ed. Incarnation and Myth: The Debate Continued. London: SCM, 1979.

Hagner, Donald A. The Jewish Reclamation of Jesus: An Analysis and Critique of Modern Jewish Study of Jesus. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984.

Hahn, Ferdinand. The Titles of Jesus in Christology: Their History in Early Christianity. New York/Cleveland: World, 1969.

Hamerton-Kelly, Robert G. Pre-Existence, Wisdom and the Son of Man: A Study of the Idea of Pre-Existence in the New Testament. Cambridge/ New York: Cambridge University, 1973.

Hengel, Martin. The Son of God: The Origin of Christology and the History of Jewish-Hellenistic Religion. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.

Hick, John, ed. The Myth of God Incarnate. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1977.

Kingsbury, Jack D. Jesus Christ in Matthew. Mark. and Luke. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

Longenecker, Richard N. The Christology of Early Jewish Christianity. London: SCM, 1970.

Marxsen, W. "Christology in the NT," in Interpreters' Dictionary of the Bible. Supplement. pp. 146-56.

Moule, C. F. D. The Origin of Christology. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

O'Collins, Gerald. What Are They Saying About Jesus? 2d ed. New York: Paulist, 1983.

Schüssler Fiorenza, E. In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins. New York: Crossroad, 1983.

Thompson, William M. The Jesus Debate: A Survey and Synthesis. New York: Paulist, 1985.

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Questions of Method

General

Aune, David. The New Testament in Its Literary Environment. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1987.

Beardslee, William. Literary Criticism of the New Testament. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1970.

Brooten, B. J. "Early Christian Women and Their Cultural Context: Issues of Method in Historical Reconstruction." Feminist Perspectives on Biblical Scholarship. Adela Yarbro Collins, ed. Chico, CA: Scholars, 1985, 65-91.

Cameron, Averil. "Neither Male nor Female." Greece and Rome 27 (1980) 60-68. Important methodological observations by a classicist on the study of women in the New Testament.

Dinkler, Erich. "Form Criticism of the New Testament," in Peake's Commentary on the Bible (1962).

Doty, William. Letters in Primitive Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1973.

Epp, Eldon Jay and George W. MacRae, eds. The New Testament and Its Modern Interpreters. Part Two: "Methods of New Testament Scholarship" pp. 75-198. Includes review essays on textual criticism, philology, form and redaction criticism, and literary criticism.

Finegan, Jack. Encountering New Testament Manuscripts: A Working Introduction to Textual Criticism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974. Makes use of valuable photographs of NT manuscripts.

Kennedy, George A. New Testament Interpretation through Rhetorical Criticism. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1984.

Kraemer, Ross S. and West, Cornell. "Review of Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, In Memory of Her," in Religious Studies Review, 11 (1985) 1-8.

Lohfink, G. The Bible: Now I Get It! A Form-Critical Handbook. Garden City, NH: Doubleday, 1979.

Mack, Burton. What is Rhetorical Criticism? Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990.

McKnight, Edgar V. What Is Form Criticism? Philadelphia: Fortress, 1969.

Metzger, Bruce M. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration. New York: United Bible Societies, 1971.

Idem. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. London/New York: United Bible Societies, 1971.

Patte, Daniel. What Is Structural Exegesis? Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.

Perrin, Norman. What is Redaction Criticism? Philadelphia: Fortress, 1969.

Pervo, Richard I. Profit with Delight: The Literary Genre of the Acts of The Apostles. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

Petersen, Norman. Literary Criticism for New Testament Critics. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1978.

Russell, Letty E. ed. Feminist Interpretation of the Bible. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1985.

Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth. "Rhetorical Situation and Historical Reconstruction in 1 Corinthians." New Testament Studies 33 (1987) 386-403.

Stowers, Stanley K. Letter Writing in Greco-Roman Antiquity. Library of Early Christianity. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986.

Sociology and Social History

Edwards, O. C. "Sociology as a Tool for Interpreting the New Testament," Anglican Theological Review 65 (1983) 431-438.

Elliott, John H. A Home for the Homeless: A Sociological Exegesis of 1 Peter, Its Situation and Strategy. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

Gager, John. Kingdom and Community: The Social World of Early Christianity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1975.

Gager, John G. "'Shall We Marry Our Enemies,' Sociology and the New Testament," Interpretation 36 (1982) 256-65.

Harrington, Daniel J. "Sociological Concepts and the Early Church: A Decade of Research," Theological Studies 41 (1980) 181-190.

Hock, Ronald F. The Social Context of Paul's Ministry: Tentmaking and Apostleship. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

Kee, Howard C. Christian Origins in Sociologicale Perspective: Methods and Resources. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1980.

Malherbe, Abraham. Social Aspects of Early Christianity. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Malina, Bruce. The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropology. Atlanta: John Knox, 1981.

Meeks, Wayne A. The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977.

Neusner, Jacob and Ernest S. Frerichs, eds. To See Ourselves as Others See Us: "Christians, Jews, Others" in Late Antiquity. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985.

Neusner, Jacob, et al., eds. The Social World of Formative Christianity and Judaism: Essays in Tribute to Howard Clark Kee. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988.

Scroggs, Robin. "The Sociological Interpretation of the Teistament." New Testament Studies 26 (1979/80) 164-179.

Smith, Jonathan Z. "The Social Description of Early Christianity," Religious Studies Review 1 (1975) 19-25.

Theissen, Gerd. The Social Setting of Pauline Christianity: Essays on Corinth. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.

Idem. Sociology of Early Palestinian Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1978.

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Commentaries and Studies

For guidance in evaluating commentaries see Edgar Krentz, "New Testament Commentaries: Their Selection and Use," Interpretation 36 (1982) 372-81.

A. Matthew

Bornkamm, G., Barth, G., and Held, H. J. Tradition and Interpretation in Matthew. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1963. A groundbreaking work, still filled with valuable insights.

Gundry, Robert H. Matthew: A Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.

Harrington, Daniel J. "Matthean Studies Since Joachim Rohde," The Heythrop Journal 16 (1975) 375-88.

Kingsbury, Jack D. Matthew: Structure,Christology, Kingdom. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975.

Senior, Donald. What Are They Saying about Matthew? New York: Paulist, 1983.

Stanton, Graham, ed. The Interpretation of Matthew. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983. A collection of essays.

Stendahl, Krister. "Matthew," in Peake's Commentary on the Bible (1962) 769-798.

Idem. The School of St. Matthew and Its Use of the Old Testament. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968.

B. Mark

Humphrey, Hugh M. A Bibliography for the Gospel of Mark. 1954- 1980. New York/Toronto: Edwin Mellen, 1981.

Kealy, Sean P. Mark's Gospel: A History of Its Interpretation. New York: Paulist, 1982.

Kee, Howard C. Community of the New Age: Studies in Mark's Gospel. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977.

Koester, Helmut. "History and Development of Mark's Gospel: From Mark to Secret Mark and 'Canonical' Mark," in Colloquy on New Testament Studies: A Time for Reappraisal and Fresh Approaches. B. C. Corley, ed. Macon: Mercer University, 1983.

Marxsen, Willi. Mark the Evangelist: Studies in the Redaction History of the Gospel. Nashville: Abingdon, 1969.

Robinson, James M. The Problem of History in Mark. Naperville, IL: A. R. Allenson, 1957.

C. Luke

Conzelmann, Hans. The Theology of St. Luke. New York: Harper, 1961.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. The Gospel According to Luke. 2 vols. The Anchor Bible. Garden City, New York: Doubledey, 1981,1985.

Juel, Donald. Luke-Acts: The Promise of History. Atlanta: John Knox, 1983.

Keck. Leander and J.L. Martyn, eds. Studies in Luke-Acts: Essays Presented in Honor of Paul Schubert. Nashville: Abingdon, 1966.

Kümmel, Werner G. "Current Theological Accusations Against Luke," Andover Newton Quarterly 16 (1975-76) 131-45.

Maddox, Robert J. The Purpose of Luke-Acts. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1982.

Marshall, I. Howard. The Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978.

Sanders, Jack T. The Jews in Luke-Acts. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

Talbert, Charles H., ed. Luke-Acts. New Perspectives from the SBL Seminar. New York: Crossroad, 1984.

Idem. Reading Luke: A Literary and Theological Commentary on the Third Gospel. New York: Crossroad, 1982.

D. John: Gospel and Epistles

Ashton, John, ed. The Interpretation of John. Issues in Religion and Theology 9. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986. See esp. articles by Bultmann, Martyn, Meeks, and Ashton's introduction.

Brown, Raymond E. The Community of the Beloved Disciple. New York: Paulist, 1979.

Idem. The Epistles of John. The Anchor Bible. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1982.

Idem. The Gospel According to St. John. 2 vols. The Anchor Bible. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966, 1970.

Bultmann, Rudolf. The Johannine Epistles. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1973.

Idem. The Gospel of John: A Commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1981.

Culpepper, R.A. Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A Study in Literary Design. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.

Dodd, C. H. Historical Tradition in the Fourth Gospel. Cambridge: University Press, 1963.

Idem. The Interpretation of the Fourth Gospel. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953.

Haenchen, Ernst. John: A Commentarvy on the Gospel of John. 2 vols. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Käsemann, Ernst. The Testament of Jesus: A Study of The Gospel in the Light of Chapter 17. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968.

Koester, Helmut. "History and Cult in the Gospel of John and in Ignatius of Antioch," Journal for Theology and Church 1 (1965) 111-23.

Kysar, Robert. The Fourth Evangelist and His Gospel: An Examination of Contemporary Scholarship. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1975.

Idem. "The Gospel of John in Current Research," Religious Studies Review 9 (1983) 314-323.

MacRae, George W. Invitation to John. Garden City, NY: Doubleday/Image, 1978.

Idem. "The Fourth Gospel and Religionsgeschichte," Catholic Biblical Quarterly 32 (1970) 13-24. Discusses Käsemann.

Marshall, I. Howard. The Epistles of John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978.

Martyn, J. Louis. The Gospel of John in Christian History. New York: Paulist, 1979.

Idem. History and Theology in the Fourth Gospel. Rev ed. Nashville: Abingdon, 1979.

Meeks, Wayne A. "The Man from Heaven in Johannine Sectarianism," Journal of Biblical Literature 91 (1972) 44-72.

Smith, D. Moody, Jr. Johannine Christianity: Essays on Its Setting, Sources, and Theology. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina, 1984. A collection of D. M. Smith's essays published between 1964 and 1982.

E. Acts

See entries under "Luke."

Cadbury, Henry Joel. The Making of Luke-Acts. New York: Macmillan, 1927.

Conzelmann, Hans. Acts of the Apostles. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987. 1982 German edition.

Dibelius, Martin. Studies in the Acts of the Apostles. New York: Scribner, 1956. -

Haenchen, Ernst. The Acts of the Apostles. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1971.

Keck, Leander and Martyn, J. Louis, eds. Studies in Luke-Acts: Essays Presented in Honor of Paul Schubert. Nashville: Abingdon, 1966.

Mattill, A. J., Jr. and Mattill, M. B. A Classified Bibliography of Literature on the Acts of the Apostles. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1966.

Pervo, Profit with Delight. See under "Questions of Method: General."

F. Romans

Baird, William and Donfried, Karl P. "Recent Commentaries on Romans," Religious Studies Review 7 (1981) 221-228.

Brown, Raymond E. and Meier, John P. Antioch and Rome: New Testament Cradles of Catholic Christianity. New York: Paulist, 1983.

Cranfield, C. E. B. The Epistle to the Romans, 2 vols. (ICC). Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1975, 1979.

Davies, W. D. "Paul and the People of Israel," New Testament Studies 24 (1978) 4-39.

Donfried, Karl P., ed. The Romans Debate. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1977.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. "Romans." In Jerome Biblical Commentary, 1968.

Käsemann, Ernst. Commentary on Romans. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1980.

Rhyne, C. Thomas. Faith Establishes the Law. Chico, CA: Scholars, 1981.

Stendahl, Krister. "Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West," Harvard Theological Review 56 (1963) 199-215. Reprinted in Paul Among Jews and Gentiles. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.

Williams, Sam K. "The 'Righteousness of God' in Romans," Journal of Biblical Literature 99 (1980) 241-290.

Barrett, C. K. A Commentary on the First EpistIe to the Corinthians. New York: Harper & Row, 1968.

Conzelmann, Hans. 1 Corinthians. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975. 1969 German edition.

Hurd, John C., Jr. The Origin of 1 Corinthians. London: SPCK, 1965. Reprint with new preface. Macon: Mercer University Press, 1983.

Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome. Saint Paul's Corinth: Texts and Archaeology. Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1982.

Idem. 1 Corinthians. Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1979.

Thiessen, Gerd. The Social Setting of Pauline Christianity: Essays on Corinth. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.

Wiseman, James. "Corinth and Rome I: 228 BC - AD 267," in Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt (1979) II.7.1., pp. 438-548.

Betz, Hans Dieter. 2 Corinthians 8 and 9: A Commentary on Two Administrative Letters of the Apostle Paul. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Bultmann, Rudolf. 2 Corinthians. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1985. German original, 1976.

Georgi, Dieter. The Opponents of Paul in Second Corinthians. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Héring, Jean. The Second Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians. London: Epworth, 1967.

Betz, Hans Dieter. Galatians: A Commentary on Paul's Letter to the Churches of Galatia. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979.

Bruce, F. F. The Epistle to the Galatians: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.

Davies, W. D., Meyer, Paul W., and Aune, David E. Review of Galatians, by Hans Dieter Betz. Religious Studies Review 7 (1981) 310-28.

Hays, Richard B. The Faith of Jesus Christ: An Investigation of the Narrative Substructure of Galatians 3:1-4:11. Chico, CA: Scholars 1983.

Sampley, J. Paul. "Ephesians," in Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, the Pastoral Epistles. Proclamation Commentaries. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1978.

Hawthorne, Gerald. Philippians. Word Biblical Commentary. Waco: Word, 1983.

Koester, Helmut. "The Purpose of the Polemic of a Pauline Fragment (Phil. 3)," New Testament Studies 8 (1961-62) 317-332.

Martin, Ralph P. Carmen Christi: Philippians 2:5-11 in Recent Interpretation and in the Setting of Early Christian Worship. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983.

Cannon, George E. The Use of Traditional Materials in Colossians: Their Significance for the Problems of Authenticity. Macon: Mercer University, 1983.

Francis, Fred O. and Meeks, Wayne A. , eds. Conflict at Colossae. 2d ed. Missoula: Scholars, 197 3.

Lohse, Eduard. Colossians and Philemon. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971.

Best, Ernst. A Commentary on the First and Second Thessalonians. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

Donfreid, Karl P. "Paul and Judaism: 1 Thessalonians 2:13-16 as a Test Case," Interpretation 38 (1984) 242-53.

Koester, Helmut. "1 Thessalonians--Experiment in Christian Writing," in Continuity and Discontinuity in Church History: Essays Presented to George Huntston Williams on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday. F. F. Church and T. George, eds. Leiden: Brill, 1979, 33-44.

Malherbe, Abraham J. "Gentle as a Nurse: The Cynic Background to 1 Thess ii," Novum Testamentum 12 (1970) 203-217.

Marshall, I. Howard. 1 and 2 Thessalonians. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983.

Pearson, Birger. "1 Thessalonians 2:13-16: A Deutero-Pauline Interpretation," Harvard Theological Review 64 (1971) 79-94.

See entries under 1 Thessalonians.

P. Pastoral Epistles: 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus

Dibelius, Martin and Conzelmann, Hans. The Pastoral Epistles. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1972.

Fee, Gordon D. 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1984.

Kelly, J. N. D. A Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles. London: A. & C. Black, 1963.

MacDonald, Dennis R. The Legend and the Apostle: The Battle for Paul in Story and Canon. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983.

Q. Philemon

Lohse, Eduard. Colossians and Philemon. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971.

Peterson, Norman. Rediscovering Paul: Philemon and the Sociology of Paul's Narrative World. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

R. Hebrews

Buchanan, George W. "The Present State of Scholarship on Hebrews." In Christianity, Judaism and Other Greco-Roman Cults. Festschrift for Morton Smith. Jacob Neusner, ed. 1. 299-330. Leiden: Brill, 1975.

Johnsson, W. G. "Issues in the Interpretation of Hebrews," Andrews University Seminary Studies 15 (1977) 169-187.

McCullough, J. C. "Some Recent Developments in Research on the Epistle to the Hebrews," Irish Biblical Studies 2 (1980) 141- 165.

MacRae, George W. Hebrews. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1983.

Manson, William. The Epistle to the Hebrews. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1951 .

S. James

Dibelius, Martin and Greeven, Heinrich. James: A Commentary on the Epistle of James. Hermeneia. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.

Jeremias, Joachim. "Paul and James," Expository Times 66 (1954-55) 368-371.

Laws, Sophie. A Commentary on the Epistle of James. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1980.

T. 1 Peter

Balch, David L. Let Wives Be Submissive: The Domestic Code in 1 Peter. Chico, CA: Scholars, 1981.

Elliott, John H. A Home for the Homeless: A Sociological Exegesis of 1 Peter. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

Neyrey, Jerome. "First Peter and Converts," Bible Today 22:1 (1984) 5-12.

Selwyn, Edward G. The First Epistle of St. Peter. 2d ed. London: MacMillan, 1947. Reprint. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981.

Wire, Antoinette. Review of A Home for the Homeless, by John H. Elliott, and of Let Wives Be Submissive, by David L. Balch. Religious Studies Review 10 (1984) 209-216.

W. Revelation of John

Aune, David E. "The Social Matrix of the Apocalypse of John," Biblical Research 26 (1981) 16-32. Other articles in Biblical Research also deal with the Revelation of John.

Caird, C. B. The Revelation of St. John the Divine. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.

Charles, R. H. The Revelation of St. John. 2 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1920.

Glasson, Thomas F. The Revelation of John. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.

Mounce, Robert H. The Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977.

Pilch, John J. What Are They Saving About the Book of Revelation? New York: Paulist, 1978.

Rowland, Christopher. The Open Heaven: A Study of Apocalyptic in Judaism and Early Christianity. New York: Crossroad, 1982, pp. 403-441.

Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth. Invitation to the Book of Revelation. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981.

Idem, The Book of Revelation: Justice and Judgment. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Yarbro Collins, Adela. Apocalypse. Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1979.

Cameron and Fallon, "The Gospel of Thomas: A Forschungsbericht …" (see "The New Testament and the Early Churches: Gnosticism"

Kloppenborg, John S. Q-Thomas Reader. Sonoma, CA: Polebridge Press, 1990.

Koester, Helmut, Ancient Christian Gospels (see "The New Testament and the Early Churches: Jesus and the Gospels: General")

Funk, Robert W. and Roy W. Hoover. The Five Gospels : The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus. New York: Macmillan, 1993. The results of the infamous Jesus Seminar. Prints gospel texts including the Gospel of Thomas with the words of Jesus in red, pink, gray, or black, according to authenticity.

Patterson, Stephen J. The Gospel of Thomas and Jesus. Sonoma, CA: Polebridge Press, 1993.

The Second Century: A Journal Of Early Christian Studies. 1989 Spring, volume 7. This issue of the journal has three articles on the Gospel of Thomas that are up-to-date and express the range of opinion on the book.

Bibliography updated from an earlier version compiled for the course, "The New Testament: An Historical Introduction," at Harvard Divinity School, 1990, course head Bernadette Brooten. Last updated spring 1998.